Answer: Urbanization has had a profound impact on Indian cities. Rapid urbanization has led to the growth of cities and the emergence of megacities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata. Urbanization has brought economic opportunities, improved infrastructure, and access to better healthcare and education. However, it has also led to challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate housing, traffic congestion, and environmental degradation. Urbanization has resulted in the growth of slums and informal settlements, exacerbating social inequalities. It has also put pressure on resources like water and energy. Managing the impact of urbanization is a critical challenge for India, requiring sustainable urban planning, infrastructure development, and inclusive growth strategies.